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考生怎样使用成考高起专英语大纲复习
准备参加考试的考生复习备考，首先要认真研读考试英语考纲。考试英语考纲是指教育部颁发的《全国各类成人高等学校招生复习考试大纲》。
该考试大纲除了对成人英语高考给出必考内容和范围，对各种必考题型作出解释以外，还给出了基础英语语法知识考点，附上了考试英语科考试的全部必考词汇，全部必考短语。考试考纲也是成人英语高考命题的主要依据。
一、词汇知识
1、在成人词汇知识命题中，词汇与短语的比例约为11∶1。加强对单词的记忆。能否清晰、准确地记忆考试必考词汇的词意及其词性是能否成功作答该题型的关键。
2、重视选用词意较为生僻或使用率偏低的词汇命题，如：suspected、concluded、announced、astonished、tough、rough、instantly、recommended、somehow、imagination、inspects、possess。
3、在考试必考1970词中，部分词汇由于教材等种种原因使用率较高，如：majority,thorough,pour,beyond,ceiling,coast,envy,frequently,mass,modest,port,shortcoming, sleeve,thunder,wealth,trick,stocking,pressure。词意较为生僻或使用率偏低的词汇，考生应注意对单词拼写记忆的牢固程度。
4、考生应有一定的对近义词不同搭配用法的常识，在有可能出现多个答案的情况下，对词的用法进行甄别。对最常用词汇的易混易错现象，如：①sit（坐），seat（就座）②borrow（借入），lend（借出）③bring（带来），take（带走），fetch（取）④thank（+人），appreciate（+事/物）⑤hanged（上吊），hung（挂）⑥rise（上升），raise（拾起）⑦especial（尤其的），special（特殊的）⑧accident（事故），incident（事件）⑨medal（奖章），model（模型）⑩accept（接受），receive（收到）⑾curious（好奇），surprised（吃惊）⑿cloth（布），clothes（衣服），clothing（衣物）。
二、介绍几种实用的阅读理解解题技巧
1、先看问题，后看文章。一般考生在进行阅读理解的过程中所采用的方法有二：第一种是先读文章再答题，另一种是先看问题，后读文章。如果你看过文章就完全记下内容，做题时不须再回头找答案，先看文章当然好。否则先看文章就比较费时间。建议考生养成快速回行的习惯，即比阅读文字的速度快一倍左右迅速回行。这样做，一方面会节省不少时间，另一方面也会使思维活动加快，其好处是不言而喻的。
2、掌握问题类型有助于解题。客观型（Objective）问题也为客观信息题，指客观事实，其类型大都是用When/Who/Where/Why/What/Which等Wh及How的方式出题。像这类客观的问题有时不必细读文章，用略读的方法即能找到答案。考生还应对阅读材料中的数字、事实、物体、以及部分与整体的关系、时间关系、地点关系、并列和从属关系等给予注意。主观型（Subjective）问题也为主观信息题，主观的问题通常不能直接从文章找到答案，必须经过对作者的意图、态度以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推断才能回答。比如：找出文章的命名（Title），找出文章的主旨含义（MainIdea），找出结论（Conclusion），找出目的（Purpose），找出暗指，意味（Implication），找出推测（Inference），以及对作者本人作出判断等。
3、阅读理解导读。（要求先自己做一遍，再对照答案，找出问题，并阅读“解析”，从而更有效地掌握阅读解题技巧。）
4、做这类试题的方法是：首先通读全文，对整个文章的内容要有个基本的了解。这是因为填写的答案虽是简单的词或短语，但词或短语的正确使用离不开句子，而句子又离不开整段的语言环境。在此基础上，对试题所测试的部分进行初步估计，根据上下文的内容进行判断，选择适合上下文意思的词，同时应重点观察词的搭配用法，时态或动词的其他形态的用法，形容词的比较用法，代词的用法，名词的数、格的用法等。如遇难填的空，可暂时跳过，待填完其他空白后，再回过头来做前面的难题，在全文已清楚的情况下，剩下的难题则有可能迎刃而解。这种试题要求做完之后再从头至尾通读一遍。根据短文的背景、上下文的意思，按时间顺序、情节发展、词类选用、动词变化、句子结构、短语搭配，以及运用必要的逻辑推理常识等，对选定的词再做一次综合分析，这显然是必要的。
成考专升本英语写作的七项基本原则
一、长短句原则 工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：
As a creature， I eat； as a man， I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind， they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！ 强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
二、主题句原则 国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！ 特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！ To begin with， you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）。 Without sufficient preparation， you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、一二三原则 领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 1）first， second， third， last（不推荐，原因：俗） 2）firstly， secondly， thirdly， finally（不推荐，原因：俗） 3）the first， the second， the third， the last（不推荐，原因：俗） 4）in the first place， in the second place， in the third place，lastly（不推荐，原因：俗） 5）to begin with， then， furthermore， finally（强烈推荐） 6）to start with， next， in addition， finally（强烈推荐） 7）first and foremost， besides， last but not least（强烈推荐）8）most important of all， moreover， finally 9）on the one hand， on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 10）for one thing， for another thing（适用于两点的情况）
建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！
四、短语优先原则 写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。
其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
五、多实少虚原则 原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous， humorous， interesting， smart， gentle， warm-hearted， hospital 之类的形象词。再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！
六、多变句式原则 1）加法（串联） 都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and， 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft， but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用： besides， furthermore， likewise， moreover 2）转折（拐弯抹角） 批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 The car was quite old， yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin， but it was warm. 更多的短语： despite that， still， however， nevertheless， in spite of， despite，notwithstanding
3）因果（so， so， so） 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！ The snow began to fall， so we went home. 更多短语： then， therefore， consequently， accordingly， hence， as a result， for this，reason， so that
4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重） 有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。 举例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go， Why he goes away…
5）附加（多此一举） 如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don‘t enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu， our oral English teacher， is easy-going. 其实很简单，同位语——要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 6）排比（排山倒海句） 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！ Whether your tastes are modern or traditional， sophisticated or simple，there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays， energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil，coal， natural gas， solar heat， the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard， to enlarge our scope of knowledge， to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. （气势恢宏） 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！
七、挑战极限原则 既然十挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！ 原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： The weather being fine， a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent， its size being about three times that of China. 如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！
1.able ability enable capable be able to do能够做… have the ability to do 能够做，有能力做…： He has the ability to make very good boat. enable ** to do 使…能做…： Internet has enabled us to get information from all over the world. Be capable of 能够做…：He is capable of drawing oil painting. He is able to read and write in English.
2.absent 反义词：present
3.abroad 国外，海外：live ~ go ~ Many young people are eager to go abroad to study.
4.access：入口，途径；机会，权利。Have access to sth Citizens in the town all have access to the books in the local（当地的）library.
5.absorb 吸收 be absorbed in 全神贯注于… All the students are absorbed in Professor's lecture on China's economy.
6.accept 接受 receive 收到（不一定接受） She received a gift from him，but she didn't accept it.
7.by accident=by chance 偶然地 on purpose 故意地
8.according to 根据 According to the article，environmental pollution has been taken under control.
9.take…into account=take…into consideration 把…考虑在内 I hope my teacher will take into account my illness when he grades our test paper. Account 描述 She gave an account of what he saw in China.
10.accuse ** of sth = charge ** with（for）sth 指责…做了…；指控…犯了… He was accused of robbing the bank and sentenced ten years in gail. His mother charged him with being lazy.
11.be accustomed to = be used to 习惯于后接 sth 或 doing sth used to 过去有过去常常后接 do sth Mr. Smith is not used/accustomed to driving on the right. I'm already used to the life here. There used to be a house near the river. He used to get up while he was in the middle school.
12.achieve 获得，达到 You will achieve nothing if you waste your time this way.
13.adapt=adjust 适应~ adopt 收养；采用 You should adapt to college life as soon as possible. He adjusted himself very quickly to the weather in the country.
14.add to 增添 add up to 总计达
15.in addition（to）=besides 此外 In order to master a foreign language，we should learn some grammar. In addition，we'd better learn some words.
16.adequate=enough
17.admit 承认 He admitted him mistake at last.
18.in advance 预先，提前 You should inform（通知）me in advance if you are going to come.
19.take advantage of = make use of 利用 We can take advantage of computer to analyze data. A good habit in learning is to make full use of class time.
20.affect（v.）effect（n.）influence（v&n）影响 effort 努力 have an effect/influence on 对…有影响 make an effort to do 或 make efforts to do The latest discovery in gene will have a great effect on the health of human beings. They made great efforts to find a new cure to lung cancer.
21.afford（to do）sth买/花/用/支付得起 It's hard to imagine how he can afford（to buy）a house on his small salary.
22.be afraid of 担心，害怕
23.at the age of
24.agree with 同意 agree on 同意（双方就…达成一致） agree to 同意（上级，父母对下级，晚辈允许…） The two countries have agreed on the date for next talk. My parents don't agree to my staying outside overnight.
25.ahead of time 提前 We finished our assignment ahead of time.
26.by air=by plane by sea= by ship by bus/train on foot
27.after all 毕竟 above all 首先（not…）at all一点（也不）all over
28.allow/permit…to do… 允许…做…
29.although/though but 连词不能同时用在句子中。 As 连词倒装句 in spite of/despite 介词不连接句子 Although he was seriously ill，he went on with the experiment. Young as he is，he has already learned three foreign languages：English，French and Japanese. Although he is young，he has already learned three foreign languages：English，French and Japanese. In spite of/despite his illness，he went on with his experiment.
30.be angry with ** be angry at sth
31.apart from=besides除了…。之外，还有… =except 除了… No one knows what happened except mr. Smith. He has a large collection of books besides CDs.
32.apply（~for申请）应用 He has successfully applied for a position（职位）in the company.
33.appreciate 欣赏 感激（加动名词doing） I really appreciate your coming to the party.类似动词有： enjoy，mind介意，avoid避免，escape逃避，can't help禁不住，risk冒险，need=want需要 insist on 坚持 My hair needs cutting.
34.approve 赞成，批准
35.argue with ** 与…争论
36.arise~from rise arouse raise New problems will arise as the old ones have been solved.（出现） Are there any things arising from last meeting？（源于） His speech aroused little interest among the students.（引起，激起） The company has raised the prices of its products.（提高） The prices of goods rose day by day during the Spring Festival.（上升）
37.Artificial人工的，假的~ flowers
38.as for 至于 as to 关于，至于 as if/though 似乎，好象
39.ask for 要求
40.attach importance to 重视
41.pay attention to重视catch one's attention引起…注意/重视
42.available可得/买到的 There is no ticket available.
43.average平均on（the） ~
44.be aware of = realize意识到be sure一定要，肯定 He apologized to us for the mistake as soon as he was aware of it. Be sure not to be late for the meeting. I'm sure the play will be a great success.
45.back up支持
46.background背景
47.base ~…on…把…建立在…基础之上 His article is based on the research.
48.bear忍受，容忍同义词： endure tolerate stand put up with She cannot bear to see the child in pains.
49.do/try one's best He said he would try his best to carry out the plan.
50.because连词：There will be no meeting because the manager will be on the vacation next week. because of介词：His wedding will be put off because of his father's death.
51.best make the ~ of很好地利用
52.had better do最好You'd better finish reading the book in this week，since I'm going to return it to the library. would rather do宁愿I'd rather go there myself.
53.beyond超出… The professor's lecture is beyond me/beyond my understanding （超出我的理解范围）。 The apple on the tree is beyond my reach（够不着）。
54.Both…and…两者都either…or…或者…或者… neither…。nor…。两者都不
55.be bound to do注定… You're bound to succeed as long as（只要）you keep on trying.
56.break into闯入break out爆发break through突破 break up（关系等）破裂
57.catch one's breath
58.call off=cancel取消call on=visit拜访call for请求，号召 The resident called for the people to fight against the invaders.
59.care for关心，在乎take care保重take care of=look after照顾
60.carry on继续carry out实施，执行 They decided to carry out the plan despite the opposition.
61.case事实，实情；箱子；案例；病例 in case（of）以防，万一Take my umbrella in case it rains. In most cases在大多数情况下 In no case决不in no way by no means
62.catch up with赶上，保持一致keep up with keep pace with
63.（be）in charge of 掌管，负责 take charge of 掌管，负责 charge…for… 开价，要价 The short man there is in charge of our company. The hotel charges $100 for a double room.
64.challenge 挑战
65.change 零钱（n.）换零钱（v.）
66.comfort v.& n安慰；舒适，舒服 comfortable舒服的，舒适的
67.have…in common有共同之处 Although they are twins they have little in common.
68.communicate 传播，交流
69.compare…to…把…比作…。 compare…with…把…与…相比 Poets like comparing their lovers to red roses. Compared with brain，computer still has some shortcomings.
70.complain of/about抱怨
71.be made up of由…。组成be composed of consist of
72.concentrate on集中注意力于be engaged in
73.as far as…be concerned就…而言 As far as wages are concerned，I'm very dissatisfied with the present job. Concerning=about关于
74.contribute捐献contribute to有助于 Computers will contribute many conveniences to our work.
75.control out of control失去控制under ~在控制之下
76.convenient方便，便利的
77.convince使相信/信服convince…of… I'm convinced（=I believe）that where there is a will，there is a way. He was not convinced of his wife's guilty.
78.cope with deal with handle处理，应付
79.at the cost of以…为代价He saved the drown child at the cost of his own life. at the risk of冒着…危险… cost spend The overcoat cost him $200. He spent $200 on（in buying）the overcoat.
80.count on depend on rely on依靠，依赖
81.create创造 82.custom习俗customs海关 83.damage损坏（部分）destroy毁灭（全部）hurt伤害 injure受伤；ruin摧毁；spoil破坏（心情，兴致等） Our holiday was spoiled buy the bad weather. The earthquake has destroyed the city entirely. 84.a good/great deal许多，大量 85.degree学位程度=extent to some extent/degree在某种程度上 86.demand order suggest propose insist等后that从句用虚拟语气（加动词原形） The general ordered that the bridge （should） be repaired before daybreak. 87.deny否认，拒绝（给予） He denied breaking the window. Women were denied the right to vote in the past in the U.S. 88.in detail详细地 He explained the question to us in ~. 89.devote…。 To…致力于 The scientist devoted the whole life to the study of chemistry. 90.do away with废除get rid of摆脱除掉 have…to do with与…有关 It has nothing to do with what you are talking about. Do away with the law. He managed to get rid of the man followed him. 91.drop in=drop by=visit 92.due到期的The book will be due next week. （按计划，安排要）发生，到达的 What time will the next bus due？ The next meeting is due to be held in three months'time. due to =because of=owing to因为，由于 His promotion is due to his hard working. Due to the heavy rain，we have to give up the plan for the weekends. 93.economic经济的economical节俭的 94.effective有效的efficient效率高的 95.else其它的something ~ somebody ~ 96.in the end最终（结果）at last最后（经过很长时间） I have finished the essay at last. We were thinking of going to England，but in the end we went to the USA. 97.enjoy oneself=have a good time玩的开心help oneself随便 98.establish=set up=found 99.evident=obvious=apparent明显的显而易见的 100.for example=for instance 101.be exhausted=be tired out =be worn out筋疲力尽的 102.exist存在 103.expose暴露受影响 Being exposed to the sun for some time can do good to your health. Many of today's teenagers have been exposed too much to violence and sex. 104.face up to（勇敢）面对be faced with面临encounter面临 105.in fact as a matter as a fact实际上事实上 106.be familiar with 107.by far非常，最（修饰比较级和最高级）so far迄今为止（完成时态） far from 远非（否定） In my opinion，he is by far the most suitable one for the job. He sent out a letter to apply for the job，but has received no answer so far. My English is far from perfect. 108.fare交通费fee费用tuition学费 109.favor do ** a favor帮…个忙in favor of赞成 I'm in favor of his suggestion that a power plant（电厂）be built. Would you do me a favor to carry the box upstairs？ 110.feel like doing sth would like to do sth喜欢/想做…。 111.field田野，领域 112.fill in填写be filled with充满 Would you like to fill in your address and telephone here？ 113.fine罚款
考生怎样使用成考高起专英语大纲复习2010-4-12 本文被阅读 1967 次
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